A funnel plot is a scatter plot used in meta-analysis to compare each study's effect estimate with a measure of precision, usually its standard error. Larger, more precise studies appear near the top. Smaller studies spread more widely toward the bottom.
When sampling variation is the main source of scatter, the points often form a roughly symmetrical inverted funnel around the pooled effect. Visible asymmetry is often investigated as a small-study effect, but heterogeneity, outcome selection, methodological differences or chance can also cause it.
This tool calculates inverse-variance fixed-effect or DerSimonian–Laird random-effects summaries. It can derive precision from standard error, variance or a 95% confidence interval, and it keeps ratio measures on the log scale during analysis.
Effect estimate
One MD, SMD, OR, RR, HR, or generic estimate per study.
Precision
Standard error, variance, or lower and upper 95% limits.
Reversed SE axis
More precise studies appear at the top of the funnel.
Cautious interpretation
Asymmetry prompts investigation; it does not prove bias.











