A scatter plot places one numeric variable on the horizontal axis and another on the vertical axis. Each observation becomes one point, making direction, strength, shape, clusters, and unusual observations visible before a model is fitted.
The line of best fit summarizes a linear pattern, while the regression equation describes its slope and intercept. R² reports how much of the variation in Y is explained by that fitted line—not whether one variable causes the other or whether the model is appropriate.
Direction
Points can rise, fall, or show no consistent direction as X changes.
Strength
Tighter clustering around a line usually means a stronger linear relationship.
Shape
A curve can be a strong relationship even when a straight-line R² is weak.
Unusual points
Outliers and high-leverage points can change the slope and the conclusion.






