A Kaplan-Meier curve estimates the probability of staying event-free over time. The curve steps down each time an event occurs. A censoring mark shows a participant whose follow-up ended before the event was observed.
The number-at-risk table shows how many participants are still under observation just before selected time points. It matters most in the sparse tail of a curve, where a large step may rest on only a few participants.
With two or more groups, a log-rank test checks whether their survival curves differ overall. It is an unadjusted comparison, not a causal estimate. It does not replace a prespecified Cox model when you need to adjust for covariates.
Time
The non-negative follow-up duration for each participant.
Event status
Whether the endpoint was observed or the record was right-censored.
Group
An optional treatment arm, cohort, stage or other prespecified stratum.
Risk set
Participants still observed and event-free immediately before each event time.











